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Frame Relay in 5 Minutes
Frame Relay is packet switched WAN technology for transporting Data across Connection oriented Virtual Circuits using Public Data Networks (PDN). its high performance alternative to overly reliable / slow X.25 Wan Protocol. It have no Error Recovery but have smart flow control (fecn becn). It can support up to T3 line (44.736 Mbps)
In 1984 FRAME RELAY started to develop Frame Relay deliver variable size data frames to multiple WAN site. Multi Access is the most obvious difference between Frame Relay and Leased lines. Leased lines are used as access link of Frame Relay.
In 1990 FRAME RELAY CONSOLING was created by following four companies. 1 CISCO 2 STARTDACOM 3 NORTEL 4 DEC. (AKA: GANG OF FOURs) to standardize the Frame Relay this consortium start working Later ANSI & ITU-T also like the idea.
DTE –> Data Terminating Equipment
DCE–>Data Circuit Terminating Equipment
NOTE: Router opperate on Layer 3 and Switch operates on Layer 2. when Frame RelayNetwork a Router is working as a Frame relay switch then its operating on Layer 2.
L.M.I some LMI type is required between DTE and DCE (Switch). LMI autosense enabled in IOS 11.2 & greater. 1 LMI exists per serial Interface.
Data Link Connection Identifier. (DLCI)
In header there is a single DLCI field. No Source or Desitnation field like LAN addresses.
LOCAL DLCI
Global DLCI
A Practical Way to identifiy between Global and Local DLCI is if two Virtual Circuit terminate at a DTC and a single DLCI is shown, its most probably is GLOCBAL DLCI. If one DLCI is shown per VC then it is depicting Local DLCI.
FRAME RELAY PACKET consist of 2 Bytes. .
6 Bits of First Bytes are called High Order Bits
4 Bits of Second Bytes are called Low Order Bits
DLCI number consist of 6+4 Bits of high and low order bits
7th Bits is CR (Commited RATE) — First Byte
8th Bit is EA——————————-
5th Bit is FORWARD EXPLICIT CONGESTION NOTIFICATION (FECN) — Second Byte
6th Bit is BACKWARD EXPLICIT CONGESTION NOTIFICATION (BECN) — Second Byte
7th Bit is Discard Eligibility—————————————————————— Second Byte
8th Bit is EA————————————————————————————–Second Bytes
Plz note that FECN-BECN is always set by (DCE) Frame Relay Switch and Discard Eligibility is set by Sending Router
Broadcast are not supported over a framerelay network so this is done in 2 steps.
1. IOS sends copies of Broadcast accross each VC u instruct.
2. Router Places these Broadcast in Different Ques then the ordinary user traffic.
TYPE OF CONFIGURATION———-SPLIT HORIZON IS
No Subinterfaces—P2P——————Enable
No Subinterfaces Multi Point———-Disabled
Subinterfaces——-P2P——————Enable
Subinterfaces Multi Point————–Disable
if)#ip split horizon
if)#no ip split horizon
Address Mapping
1 Static Config Mapping
2 Dynamically Mapping
Dynamic Mapping use a process called INVERSE ARP. each router announces its layer 3 addresss + DLCI to its adjacent Routers. INVERSE ARP is enabled by default at 11.2 and greater versions unless P2P subinterfaces are used.
R&S Quick Notes – Frame-Relay/PPP
Frame-Relay
- DHCP on a frame interface : “frame-relay interface-dlci 555 protocol ip 166.166.166.2″
- When asked to disable INARP, be sure to do so on physical interfaces any multipoint sub-interfaces.
- If you see 0.0.0.0 frame mappings, save your config and reload.
- The backup command can NOT be used on FR physical interfaces. (no way to detect when back up)
- Back-to-Back frame connections, disable keepalives with “no keep”
- LMI keepalives sent every 10 seconds. This interval can NOT be changed.
- LMI Full Status Updates are requested every 60 seconds. CAN be changed with “frame lmi-n391dte”.
- To ping local interface IP, add a mapping for local IP with any valid DLCI.
PPP
- To do “?” in authentication password, use either ESC-Q or CRTL-V.
- If two routers both using CHAP has the same hostname “no ppp chap ignoreus” is required.
- “ppp authentication eap” can be used as alternative to chap when md5 needed.
- “ppp link minimum” – amount of links required for a MLP bundle to up.
- With CHAP and PAP, know which side is the client and who is authenticating who!
- Know PPPoFR, MLP, and the mix combination formats
c3640-jk9s-mz124-16a IOS
c3640-jk9s-mz124-16a IOS on 4share
http://www.4shared.com/file/77908571/42aea87f/c3640-jk9s-mz124-16a-IOs.html
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